阿里云ECS初体验
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受疫情影响，只能在家科研学习，奈何自己的笔记本不给力，所以注册了个阿里云ECS准备远程计算。
按照东岳老师的帖子买了个实例，不过是按量收费模式的，看了下设置完，一个小时1.8元左右吧，12 vCPU,和24GB。还没有安装OpenFOAM,但是我发现一个问题，12 vCPU指的是超线程，而如果开并行计算，最多只能开到物理核心的个数，12vCPU实际物理核数是6个，一般的计算机就是四个物理核，这么看来感觉好像还是有点小贵。算了下100元可以用55个小时。。
另外我研究了下如何对实例上传文件，可以看这个教程，用的FTP，感觉还蛮好用的。我试了下真的成功了，就是不知道这个网速影响大不大。。 -
另外对于收费还是不太明白。如果停止实例，可以选择不收费模式，CPU和内存将回收，但是云盘还是继续使用并收费。我理解的是云盘是储存盘，储存计算的东西。但是这个收费价格没搞清楚。。
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@Samuel-Tu 在 阿里云ECS初体验 中说：
12 vCPU指的是超线程，而如果开并行计算，最多只能开到物理核心的个数，12vCPU实际物理核数是6个
这个你是怎么发现的？
ECS那面可以外挂存储盘，就是你理解的那种。收费价格在开ECS的时候有显示啊。
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@东岳 lscpu这个命令可以显示配置。然后看socket和core per socket，这两个数相乘就是物理核心数。
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@东岳 我是在国外的热内亚大学教材上看见这个计算方法的，另外教材上也说不能超过物理核数，不然反而会降低速度，所以超线程没用。。
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是的，那ECS核心数是超线程数啊，这个有误导人的嫌疑，尤其对于高性能计算用户
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@东岳 是啊。。本来还准备包个月的。。。
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今天阿里云的产品经理给我打电话了，反馈了下。他还推荐了一个优惠，年龄小于24的个人用户有个1核试用，每个月9.6元
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买了一个月，9.6元 1核2G内存，40G云盘，装个OpenFOAM看看。这点钱也不贵，长期算点小模型
如果安装好了的话给大家来分享下，顺便测试下速度怎么样 -
ecs上ThirdParty那个文件一直安不上。ThirdParty应该是Paraview吧，不安对计算没影响吧？我是安的OpenFOAM-1806.
因为我看东岳流体上的安装教程先安OpenFOAM,再安的ThirdParty.如果只需要计算，应该不需要安ThirdParty吧 -
@Samuel-Tu 除了图形雷后处理，其他需要，比如并行分解
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一直安不上，我是按wiki里的步骤安的，不知道啥原因，能不能帮我看下
---- Python information: executable : /usr/bin/python version : 2.7 include path : /usr/include/python2.7 library : /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0 Using qmake=/usr/bin/qmake ParaView_SOURCE_DIR=/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/ParaView-v5.5.2 ParaView_BUILD_DIR=/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/build/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2 ParaView_DIR=/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/platforms/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2 Build stages selected --------------------- -patch true -config true -make true -install true --------------------- Features selected mesa false mpi true python true qt true --------------------- Version information paraview 5.5.2 major 5.5 build Release qt 5.5.1 --------------------- patch for paraview-5.5.2 was already applied Using cmake=/usr/bin/cmake ---- Configuring paraview-5.5.2 (major version: 5.5) MPI support : true Python support : true MESA support : false GL2 rendering : true QT dev support : true Source : /root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/ParaView-v5.5.2 Build : /root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/build/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2 Target : /root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/platforms/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2 cmake : /usr/bin/cmake Build suffix : none ---- /usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/platforms/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2 -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DPARAVIEW_INSTALL_DEVELOPMENT_FILES=ON -DPARAVIEW_USE_MPI=ON -DVTK_USE_MPI=ON -DPARAVIEW_ENABLE_PYTHON=ON -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/python2.7 -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0 -DVTK_RENDERING_BACKEND=OpenGL2 -DPARAVIEW_BUILD_QT_GUI=ON -DPARAVIEW_QT_VERSION=5 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release /root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/ParaView-v5.5.2 ---- -- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting C compile features -- Detecting C compile features - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/g++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/g++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE) -- Could not use git to determine source version, using version 5.5.2 -- Looking for a Fortran compiler -- Looking for a Fortran compiler - NOTFOUND -- Performing Test VTK_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS_ALLOWED - Success -- Performing Test HAVE_GCC_ERROR_RETURN_TYPE -- Performing Test HAVE_GCC_ERROR_RETURN_TYPE - Success -- Looking for pthread.h -- Looking for pthread.h - found -- Looking for pthread_create -- Looking for pthread_create - not found -- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads -- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found -- Looking for pthread_create in pthread -- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - 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yes -- Checking for Large File Support -- Checking for Large File Support - yes -- Checking whether C++ compiler has 'long long' -- Checking whether C++ compiler has 'long long' - yes -- Checking whether C++ compiler has '__int64' -- Checking whether C++ compiler has '__int64' - no -- Checking whether wstring is available -- Checking whether wstring is available - yes -- Checking whether C compiler has ptrdiff_t in stddef.h -- Checking whether C compiler has ptrdiff_t in stddef.h - yes -- Checking whether C compiler has ssize_t in unistd.h -- Checking whether C compiler has ssize_t in unistd.h - yes -- Checking whether C compiler has clock_gettime -- Checking whether C compiler has clock_gettime - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has setenv -- Checking whether CXX compiler has setenv - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has unsetenv -- Checking whether CXX compiler has unsetenv - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has environ in stdlib.h -- Checking whether CXX compiler has environ in stdlib.h - no -- Checking whether CXX compiler has utimes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has utimes - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has utimensat -- Checking whether CXX compiler has utimensat - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler struct stat has st_mtim member -- Checking whether CXX compiler struct stat has st_mtim member - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler struct stat has st_mtimespec member -- Checking whether CXX compiler struct stat has st_mtimespec member - no -- Looking for include files sys/types.h, ifaddrs.h -- Looking for include files sys/types.h, ifaddrs.h - found -- Checking whether CXX compiler has rlimit64 -- Checking whether CXX compiler has rlimit64 - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has atol -- Checking whether CXX compiler has atol - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has atoll -- Checking whether CXX compiler has atoll - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has _atoi64 -- Checking whether CXX compiler has _atoi64 - no -- Looking for C++ include execinfo.h -- Looking for C++ include execinfo.h - found -- Checking whether backtrace works with this C++ compiler -- Checking whether backtrace works with this C++ compiler - yes -- Looking for C++ include dlfcn.h -- Looking for C++ include dlfcn.h - found -- Checking whether dladdr works with this C++ compiler -- Checking whether dladdr works with this C++ compiler - yes -- Looking for C++ include cxxabi.h -- Looking for C++ include cxxabi.h - found -- Checking whether cxxabi works with this C++ compiler -- Checking whether cxxabi works with this C++ compiler - yes -- Checking whether CXX compiler has getloadavg -- Checking whether CXX compiler has getloadavg - yes -- Checking whether <ext/stdio_filebuf.h> is available -- Checking whether <ext/stdio_filebuf.h> is available - yes -- Checking for builtin __sync_add_and_fetch -- Checking for builtin __sync_add_and_fetch -- success -- Check if the system is big endian -- Searching 16 bit integer -- Looking for sys/types.h -- Looking for sys/types.h - found -- Looking for stdint.h -- Looking for stdint.h - found -- Looking for stddef.h -- Looking for stddef.h - found -- Check size of unsigned short -- Check size of unsigned short - done -- Using unsigned short -- Check if the system is big endian - little endian -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISNAN -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISNAN - Success -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISINF -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISINF - Success -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISFINITE -- Performing Test VTK_HAS_STD_ISFINITE - Success -- Looking for isnan -- Looking for isnan - found -- Looking for isinf -- Looking for isinf - found -- Looking for isfinite -- Looking for isfinite - found -- Looking for finite -- Looking for finite - found -- Looking for fenv.h -- Looking for fenv.h - found -- Looking for feenableexcept -- Looking for feenableexcept - found -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_HIDDEN_VISIBILITY -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_HIDDEN_VISIBILITY - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_HIDDEN_INLINE_VISIBILITY -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_HIDDEN_INLINE_VISIBILITY - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_DEPRECATED_ATTR -- Performing Test COMPILER_HAS_DEPRECATED_ATTR - Success -- Looking for getsockname in socket -- Looking for getsockname in socket - not found -- Checking for getsockname with socklen_t -- Checking for getsockname with socklen_t -- 1 -- Looking for SO_REUSEADDR -- Looking for SO_REUSEADDR - found -- Performing Test standard_math_library_linked_to_automatically -- Performing Test standard_math_library_linked_to_automatically - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_WERROR -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_WERROR - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_pedantic -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_pedantic - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wall -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wall - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wextra -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wextra - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wundef -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wundef - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wcastalign -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wcastalign - 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Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wcpp11extensions -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wcpp11extensions - Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wdoublepromotion -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wdoublepromotion - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnopsabi -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnopsabi - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnovariadicmacros -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnovariadicmacros - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnolonglong -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Wnolonglong - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fnochecknew -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fnochecknew - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fnocommon -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fnocommon - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fstrictaliasing -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_fstrictaliasing - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_wd981 -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_wd981 - Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_wd2304 -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_wd2304 - Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_STRICTANSI -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_STRICTANSI - Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Qunusedarguments -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_Qunusedarguments - Failed -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_ansi -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_ansi - Success -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_OPENMP -- Performing Test COMPILER_SUPPORT_OPENMP - Success -- Found OpenGL: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so -- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so -- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so - found -- Looking for gethostbyname -- Looking for gethostbyname - found -- Looking for connect -- Looking for connect - found -- Looking for remove -- Looking for remove - found -- Looking for shmat -- Looking for shmat - found -- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE -- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE - found -- Found X11: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so -- Check if the system is big endian -- Searching 16 bit integer -- Using unsigned short -- Check if the system is big endian - little endian -- Looking for strings.h -- Looking for strings.h - found -- Looking for byteswap.h -- Looking for byteswap.h - found -- Looking for sys/endian.h -- Looking for sys/endian.h - not found -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_16 -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_16 - not found -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_32 -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_32 - not found -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_64 -- Looking for HAVE_BSWAP_64 - not found -- Looking for inttypes.h -- Looking for inttypes.h - found -- Looking for limits.h -- Looking for limits.h - found -- Looking for stdbool.h -- Looking for stdbool.h - found -- Looking for string.h -- Looking for string.h - found -- Looking for memory.h -- Looking for memory.h - found -- Check size of int16_t -- Check size of int16_t - done -- Check size of int32_t -- Check size of int32_t - done -- Check size of int64_t -- Check size of int64_t - done -- Check size of intmax_t -- Check size of intmax_t - done -- Check size of uint8_t -- Check size of uint8_t - done -- Check size of uint16_t -- Check size of uint16_t - done -- Check size of uint32_t -- Check size of uint32_t - done -- Check size of uint64_t -- Check size of uint64_t - done -- Check size of uintmax_t -- Check size of uintmax_t - done -- Check size of short -- Check size of short - done -- Check size of int -- Check size of int - done -- Check size of long -- Check size of long - done -- Check size of long long -- Check size of long long - done -- Check size of unsigned short -- Check size of unsigned short - done -- Check size of unsigned -- Check size of unsigned - done -- Check size of unsigned long -- Check size of unsigned long - done -- Check size of unsigned long long -- Check size of unsigned long long - done -- Check size of size_t -- Check size of size_t - done -- Check size of __int64 -- Check size of __int64 - failed -- Check size of unsigned __int64 -- Check size of unsigned __int64 - failed -- Check size of uintptr_t -- Check size of uintptr_t - done -- Check size of off64_t -- Check size of off64_t - done -- Looking for unistd.h -- Looking for unistd.h - found -- Looking for dlfcn.h -- Looking for dlfcn.h - found -- Looking for fcntl.h -- Looking for fcntl.h - found -- Looking for stdlib.h -- Looking for stdlib.h - found -- Looking for sys/stat.h -- Looking for sys/stat.h - found -- Looking for unistd.h -- Looking for unistd.h - found -- Looking for getpagesize -- Looking for getpagesize - found -- Looking for getrandom -- Looking for getrandom - not found -- Looking for bcopy -- Looking for bcopy - found -- Looking for memmove -- Looking for memmove - found -- Looking for mmap -- Looking for mmap - found -- Looking for arc4random_buf -- Looking for arc4random_buf - not found -- Looking for arc4random -- Looking for arc4random - not found -- Looking for 4 include files stdlib.h, ..., float.h -- Looking for 4 include files stdlib.h, ..., float.h - found -- Looking for off_t -- Looking for off_t - not found -- Looking for size_t -- Looking for size_t - not found -- Performing Test HAVE_SYSCALL_GETRANDOM -- Performing Test HAVE_SYSCALL_GETRANDOM - Success -- Performing Test FLAG_NO_STRICT_ALIASING -- Performing Test FLAG_NO_STRICT_ALIASING - Success -- Looking for memset -- Looking for memset - found -- Looking for memcpy -- Looking for memcpy - found -- Check size of size_t -- Check size of size_t - done -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wall -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wall - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Winline -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Winline - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_W -- Performing Test C_FLAG_W - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wformat_security -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wformat_security - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wpointer_arith -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wpointer_arith - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wdisabled_optimization -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wdisabled_optimization - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wno_unknown_pragmas -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wno_unknown_pragmas - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wdeclaration_after_statement -- Performing Test C_FLAG_Wdeclaration_after_statement - Success -- Performing Test C_FLAG_fstrict_aliasing -- Performing Test C_FLAG_fstrict_aliasing - Success -- Performing Test HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT -- Performing Test HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT - Success -- Looking for assert.h -- Looking for assert.h - found -- Looking for io.h -- Looking for io.h - not found -- Looking for search.h -- Looking for search.h - found -- Performing Test C_HAS_inline -- Performing Test C_HAS_inline - Success -- Performing Test TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME -- Performing Test TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME - Success -- Performing Test TM_IN_SYS_TIME -- Performing Test TM_IN_SYS_TIME - Success -- Check size of signed int -- Check size of signed int - done -- Check size of unsigned int -- Check size of unsigned int - done -- Check size of signed long -- Check size of signed long - done -- Check size of unsigned long -- Check size of unsigned long - done -- Check size of signed long long -- Check size of signed long long - done -- Check size of unsigned long long -- Check size of unsigned long long - done -- Check size of unsigned char * -- Check size of unsigned char * - done -- Check size of ptrdiff_t -- Check size of ptrdiff_t - done -- Looking for snprintf -- Looking for snprintf - found -- Looking for strcasecmp -- Looking for strcasecmp - found -- Check if the system is big endian -- Searching 16 bit integer -- Using unsigned short -- Check if the system is big endian - little endian -- Found MPI_C: /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/libmpi.so -- Found MPI_CXX: /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/libmpi_cxx.so;/usr/lib/openmpi/lib/libmpi.so -- Protobuf: doing try-compiles for hash map/set headers -- Protobuf: doing try-compiles for pthread test CMake Error at CMake/ParaViewQt.cmake:71 (find_package): Could not find a configuration file for package "Qt5" that is compatible with requested version "5.6". The following configuration files were considered but not accepted: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt5/Qt5Config.cmake, version: 5.5.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt5/Qt5Config.cmake, version: 5.5.1 Call Stack (most recent call first): Qt/Widgets/CMakeLists.txt:203 (pv_find_package_qt) -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! See also "/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/build/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log". See also "/root/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-v1806/build/linux64Gcc/ParaView-5.5.2/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log". -
好像找到原因了，因为买的时候默认是linux 16.04的。我换了下系统，换到18.04好像可以了。。
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发现了新问题。我对初始边界使用了codeFixedValue，但是运行不了。提示我为了安全，不能以管理员身份运行某个共享的库。但是用阿里云ECS必须要登录自己的root啊。。现在卡在这里了。。。
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@Samuel-Tu 找到这个问题的解决办法了。实际上当申请一个实例后，阿里云给用户的是最高权限的账号，可以adduser建一个普通账户，见教程，然后通过普通账户安装OpenFOAM。这样我就成功用普通用户模式运行了root模式不能运行的OpenFOAM代码。
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@samuel-tu 还好看了老铁的帖子，准备买ECS的时候问了下销售，他已经去找技术那边确认核数了。这个vCPU确实有点误导人了，而且按照vCPU估算了下ECS的单价大概一毛多到两毛多一核时，还是很贵的，两毛的话超算上都可以用商业软件了。
I don't want to survive, I want to thrive.
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买了一个月，9.6元 1核2G内存，40G云盘，装个OpenFOAM看看。这点钱也不贵，长期算点小模型
1核2G内存忒少了。虽然跟不要钱一样。但是折腾的时间也是成本哟。
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@cccrrryyy 现在没用ECS了。。回课题组有电脑咯。。。感觉还是得找天河这类专业的超算来算东西。。
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@samuel-tu 是的，超算还是划算些。昨天跟阿里云销售确认了下，他们的vCPU除以2是物理核心数，按他的说法是ECS所有服务器都是这样的。
